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Empirical Validation Of Effective Earth Radius Adjustment Factors For Earth Bulge and Diffraction Loss Parameters Computation

Received: 9 January 2017     Accepted: 25 January 2017     Published: 25 March 2017
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Abstract

In this paper, the effect of effective earth radius adjustment factors (k-adjustment factors) on various parameters associated with single knife edge diffraction loss is studied. The parameters considered are, the earth bulge, Fresnel-Kirchoff diffraction parameter and the number of Fresnel zones that are partially or fully blocked by obstruction in the signal path. The k-adjustment factors analytical expressions are derived and then validated using empirical elevation profile data for line-of-sight (LOS) communication link between Eket and Akwa Ibom state University. Also, k-factors considered in this paper are k1 = 0.5, k2 = 0.9 and k3= 1.333. In all, the results show that when the value of any of the three parameters is known at a given k-factor, k1, then the value of that parameter can be determined at any other k-factor, k2 by adding the k1-to-tk2 adjustment factor of that parameter to the value of the parameter at k1. The result is essential is evaluating the influence of variations in effective earth radius factor on the parameters associated with single knife edge diffraction loss.

Published in International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijssam.20170202.11
Page(s) 51-56
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

K-Factor, Diffraction Parameter, Diffraction Loss, Effective Earth Radius, K-Adjustment Factors

References
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[4] Göktaş, P., Altvntaş, A., Topçu, S., & Karaşan, E. (2014, August). The effect of terrain roughness in the microwave line-of-sight multipath fading estimation based on Rec. ITU-R P. 530-15. In General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS), 2014 XXXIth URSI (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
[5] Smith, B., & Carpentier, M. H. (2012). The microwave engineering handbook: Microwave systems and applications (Vol. 3). Springer Science & Business Media.
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[7] Fussen, D., Tétard, C., Dekemper, E., Pieroux, D., Mateshvili, N., Vanhellemont, F.,... & Demoulin, P. (2015). Retrieval of vertical profiles of atmospheric refraction angles by inversion of optical dilution measurements. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 8 (8), 3135-3145.
[8] Waheed-uz-Zaman, M., & Jan, M. (2013). To Study the Implications of the Evaporation Duct for Ground Waves Path in Pakistan Coastal Water through Statistical Assessment. Journal of American Science, 9 (6).
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[11] Mangum, J. G., & Wallace, P. (2015). Atmospheric Refractive Electromagnetic Wave Bending and Propagation Delay. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 127 (947), 74.
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[14] Adediji, A. T., Mandeep, J. S., & Ismail, M. (2014). Meteorological Characterization of Effective Earth Radius Factor (k-Factor) for Wireless Radio Link Over Akure, Nigeria. Mapan, 29 (2), 131-141.
[15] Doerry, A. W. (2013). Earth Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction Effects on Radar Signal Propagation. Sandia Report SAND2012-10690.
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[17] Nyete, A. M., & Afullo, T. J. O. (2013). Seasonal distribution modeling and mapping of the effective earth radius factor for microwave link design in South Africa. Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, 51, 1-32.
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  • APA Style

    Eduediuyai Dan, Constance Kalu, Ogungbemi Emmanuel Oluropo. (2017). Empirical Validation Of Effective Earth Radius Adjustment Factors For Earth Bulge and Diffraction Loss Parameters Computation. International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics, 2(2), 51-56. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20170202.11

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    ACS Style

    Eduediuyai Dan; Constance Kalu; Ogungbemi Emmanuel Oluropo. Empirical Validation Of Effective Earth Radius Adjustment Factors For Earth Bulge and Diffraction Loss Parameters Computation. Int. J. Syst. Sci. Appl. Math. 2017, 2(2), 51-56. doi: 10.11648/j.ijssam.20170202.11

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    AMA Style

    Eduediuyai Dan, Constance Kalu, Ogungbemi Emmanuel Oluropo. Empirical Validation Of Effective Earth Radius Adjustment Factors For Earth Bulge and Diffraction Loss Parameters Computation. Int J Syst Sci Appl Math. 2017;2(2):51-56. doi: 10.11648/j.ijssam.20170202.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijssam.20170202.11,
      author = {Eduediuyai Dan and Constance Kalu and Ogungbemi Emmanuel Oluropo},
      title = {Empirical Validation Of Effective Earth Radius Adjustment Factors For Earth Bulge and Diffraction Loss Parameters Computation},
      journal = {International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics},
      volume = {2},
      number = {2},
      pages = {51-56},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijssam.20170202.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20170202.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijssam.20170202.11},
      abstract = {In this paper, the effect of effective earth radius adjustment factors (k-adjustment factors) on various parameters associated with single knife edge diffraction loss is studied. The parameters considered are, the earth bulge, Fresnel-Kirchoff diffraction parameter and the number of Fresnel zones that are partially or fully blocked by obstruction in the signal path. The k-adjustment factors analytical expressions are derived and then validated using empirical elevation profile data for line-of-sight (LOS) communication link between Eket and Akwa Ibom state University. Also, k-factors considered in this paper are k1 = 0.5, k2 = 0.9 and k3= 1.333. In all, the results show that when the value of any of the three parameters is known at a given k-factor, k1, then the value of that parameter can be determined at any other k-factor, k2 by adding the k1-to-tk2 adjustment factor of that parameter to the value of the parameter at k1. The result is essential is evaluating the influence of variations in effective earth radius factor on the parameters associated with single knife edge diffraction loss.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Empirical Validation Of Effective Earth Radius Adjustment Factors For Earth Bulge and Diffraction Loss Parameters Computation
    AU  - Eduediuyai Dan
    AU  - Constance Kalu
    AU  - Ogungbemi Emmanuel Oluropo
    Y1  - 2017/03/25
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20170202.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijssam.20170202.11
    T2  - International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics
    JF  - International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics
    JO  - International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics
    SP  - 51
    EP  - 56
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5803
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20170202.11
    AB  - In this paper, the effect of effective earth radius adjustment factors (k-adjustment factors) on various parameters associated with single knife edge diffraction loss is studied. The parameters considered are, the earth bulge, Fresnel-Kirchoff diffraction parameter and the number of Fresnel zones that are partially or fully blocked by obstruction in the signal path. The k-adjustment factors analytical expressions are derived and then validated using empirical elevation profile data for line-of-sight (LOS) communication link between Eket and Akwa Ibom state University. Also, k-factors considered in this paper are k1 = 0.5, k2 = 0.9 and k3= 1.333. In all, the results show that when the value of any of the three parameters is known at a given k-factor, k1, then the value of that parameter can be determined at any other k-factor, k2 by adding the k1-to-tk2 adjustment factor of that parameter to the value of the parameter at k1. The result is essential is evaluating the influence of variations in effective earth radius factor on the parameters associated with single knife edge diffraction loss.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

  • Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

  • Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

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